Pazyryk Culture Up in the Altai by Katheryn M. Linduff Karen S. Rubinson

Author:Katheryn M. Linduff, Karen S. Rubinson [Katheryn M. Linduff, Karen S. Rubinson]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780429851544
Goodreads: 57994200
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2021-12-30T00:00:00+00:00

3.6 Multi-occupational society: Exchange of goods and trade and spiritual bonds

What emerges overall is a picture of a multitiered, multi-cored and interconnected society held together through shared lifestyle, exchange of goods, intermarriage with special leaders atop certain family or clan groups at Pazyryk (high-elite), Berel (regional elite) and Ak-Alakha (regional elite). The cemeteries at Ulandryk, the Sailiugem region and Yustyd, interdependent with all of the above, were among themselves internally ordered as evidenced by the amount of gold and decoration on garments or other trappings, for instance, at Ulandryk (Kubarev 1992: Fig. 30, p. 85; p. 88; Fig. 32, p. 89) or gold earrings at Yustyd XII, Kurgan 4 (Kubarev 1991: Fig. 34, p. 131) (Fig. 3.11). Interestingly, there are cowrie shells in several graves, for instance at Yustyd XII, grave 12, preserved at the hip of the deceased (Kubarev 1991: Pl. 32 no. 13, Pl. 33 no. 13); they were also found adorning the belt of the younger individual in Kurgan 1, Ak-Alakha 1. If the identity of cowries at Pazyryk in Kurgan 6 (Fig. 3.12a) by Rudenko is correct, they are Cypraia moneta (Rudenko 1970: Pl. 68c, p. 108) and are salt-water shells found in the warm waters of distant shores such as the Indian Ocean, making them an import from very far away.

Figure 3.12 Items and motifs borrowed from beyond Pazyryk. (a) Beads and cowrie shells. Pazyryk. (Adapted from Rudenko 1970: Pl. 158). (b) Harp, wood and leather. Pazyryk, Kurgan 2. (Adapted from Rudenko 1953: Pl. 27). (c) Silk cut for saddle cloth, set in felt, horsehair and gold foil. Pazyryk, Kurgan 5. (Adapted from Simpson and Pankova 2017: Fig. 165). (d) Felt wall hanging with images of a lion head, borrowed from Achaemenid design. Pazyryk, Kurgan 1. (Adapted from Rudenko 1953: Pl. 89).

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